See freshness on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "fresh",
"4": "-ness",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish fresh\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish freshness\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-atjaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-assuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-inassuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-nassī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-nes\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-nesse\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"freshness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"freshness\">\nFrom fresh + -ness.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish fresh\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish freshness\nFrom fresh + -ness.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "freshnesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "freshness (usually uncountable, plural freshnesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fresh",
"ness"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"text": "the clear freshness of water from a mountain spring",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state or quality of being fresh."
],
"id": "en-freshness-en-noun-gToGlxQe",
"links": [
[
"fresh",
"fresh"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "literary",
"word": "verdure"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mauritian Creole translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
85,
94
]
],
"ref": "1923, Ernest Bramah [pseudonym; Ernest Brammah Smith], “(please specify the page)”, in The Eyes of Max Carrados, London: Grant Richards, →OCLC:",
"text": "\"Now we're getting on, sir,\" was the mollified admission. \"You mustn't mind a bit of freshness, so to speak. You took me by surprise, that's what it was, and I've been wound up ever since that happened.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Impudence; cheek."
],
"id": "en-freshness-en-noun-JYifLDcm",
"links": [
[
"Impudence",
"impudence#English"
],
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK) Impudence; cheek."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɹɛʃnəs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-freshness.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-freshness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-freshness.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-freshness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-freshness.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"lang_code": "aii",
"roman": "tazuta",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ܬܵܙܘܼܬܵܐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "svjéžascʹ",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "све́жасць"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frescor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "xīnxiān",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "新鮮 /新鲜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "čerstvost"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "svěžest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "friskhed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frisheid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "versheid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "freŝeco"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "raikkaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fraîcheur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frescor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Frische"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "freskáda",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φρεσκάδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "raa`nanut",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "רעננות"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "nūtantā",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "नूतनता"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "navīntā",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "नवीनता"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "frisseség"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "freschezza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "しんせんさ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shinsensa",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "新鮮さ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svaigums"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spirgtums"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "kaimatatanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "mfe",
"lang": "Mauritian Creole",
"lang_code": "mfe",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "freser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "friskhet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "świeżość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frescura"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "frescor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prospețime"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "svéžestʹ",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "све́жесть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Ijekavian",
"feminine"
],
"word": "свјежина"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Ekavian",
"feminine"
],
"word": "свежина"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"Ijekavian",
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "svježina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"Ekavian",
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "svežina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frescura"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frescor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "friskhet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fräschör"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "tazelik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "svížistʹ",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сві́жість"
}
],
"word": "freshness"
}
{
"categories": [
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ness",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mauritian Creole translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "fresh",
"4": "-ness",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish fresh\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish freshness\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-atjaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"action noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-þuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-assuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-inassuz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-nassī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-nes\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-nesse\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"freshness\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"freshness\">\nFrom fresh + -ness.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish fresh\nProto-Germanic *-inōną\nProto-Indo-European *-dyé-\nProto-Germanic *-atjaną\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Germanic *-þuz\nProto-Germanic *-assuz\nProto-Germanic *-inassuz\nProto-West Germanic *-nassī\nOld English -nes\nMiddle English -nesse\nEnglish -ness\nEnglish freshness\nFrom fresh + -ness.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "freshnesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "freshness (usually uncountable, plural freshnesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fresh",
"ness"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"text": "the clear freshness of water from a mountain spring",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state or quality of being fresh."
],
"links": [
[
"fresh",
"fresh"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "literary",
"word": "verdure"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
85,
94
]
],
"ref": "1923, Ernest Bramah [pseudonym; Ernest Brammah Smith], “(please specify the page)”, in The Eyes of Max Carrados, London: Grant Richards, →OCLC:",
"text": "\"Now we're getting on, sir,\" was the mollified admission. \"You mustn't mind a bit of freshness, so to speak. You took me by surprise, that's what it was, and I've been wound up ever since that happened.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Impudence; cheek."
],
"links": [
[
"Impudence",
"impudence#English"
],
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK) Impudence; cheek."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɹɛʃnəs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-freshness.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-freshness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-freshness.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-freshness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-freshness.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"lang_code": "aii",
"roman": "tazuta",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ܬܵܙܘܼܬܵܐ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "svjéžascʹ",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "све́жасць"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frescor"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "xīnxiān",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "新鮮 /新鲜"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "čerstvost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "svěžest"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "friskhed"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frisheid"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "versheid"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "freŝeco"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "raikkaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fraîcheur"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frescor"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Frische"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "freskáda",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φρεσκάδα"
},
{
"alt": "raa`nanut",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "רעננות"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "nūtantā",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "नूतनता"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "navīntā",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "नवीनता"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "frisseség"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "freschezza"
},
{
"alt": "しんせんさ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "shinsensa",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "新鮮さ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svaigums"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spirgtums"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "kaimatatanga"
},
{
"code": "mfe",
"lang": "Mauritian Creole",
"lang_code": "mfe",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "freser"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "friskhet"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "świeżość"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frescura"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "frescor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prospețime"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "svéžestʹ",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "све́жесть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Ijekavian",
"feminine"
],
"word": "свјежина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Ekavian",
"feminine"
],
"word": "свежина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"Ijekavian",
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "svježina"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"Ekavian",
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "svežina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frescura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frescor"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "friskhet"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fräschör"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "freshness",
"word": "tazelik"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "svížistʹ",
"sense": "freshness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сві́жість"
}
],
"word": "freshness"
}
Download raw JSONL data for freshness meaning in All languages combined (11.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.